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和陌生人说话(2/6) - 英语听力.mp3
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[00:00.000]When communicating with someone familiar[00:02.463]we are usually confident in our anticipation,[00:05.436]and may not even notice that we are making such predictions.[00:09.056]In contrast,[00:10.626]when we communicate with strangers[00:12.653]we are more aware of the range of their possible responses, and of the uncertainty of our predictions.[00:18.730]But where do our predictions come from?[00:21.556]Communicative predictions are based on data from three levels.[00:25.568]First is the cultural level.[00:27.536]This level involves information about the other's culture, its dominant values and norms.[00:33.371]This is often the only level of information available when communicating with a stranger.[00:39.122]Even so,[00:40.278]a better understanding of the stranger's culture yields better predictions.[00:44.807]The second level of information is sociocultural.[00:48.739]This includes data about the other's group membership,[00:52.526]or the groups to which they seek to belong.[00:54.639]This type of information is the predominant data used in intercultural communication.[01:01.332]Finally there is psychocultural data.[01:04.745]This is information about the individual's characteristics,[01:08.397]and is the sort of data most relevant to communication with friends.[01:12.578]Then how do we process the prediction data[01:16.998]when we communicate with strangers?[01:18.923]The answer is that we understand such data by the process of social cognition.
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